Brain cells consist of neurons and1/27/2024 ![]() ![]() This enormous repertoire of functions, associated with different developmental influences on different neurons, is largely reflected in the variation of dendritic and axonal outgrowth. They can be influenced by a large repertoire of neurotransmitters and hormones (see Chap. Neurons can be excitatory, inhibitory or modulatory in their effect and motor, sensory or secretory in their function. These facts alone make the neuron unique. It is known that the neuronal population usually is established shortly after birth, that mature neurons do not divide and that in humans there is a daily dropout of neurons amounting to approximately 20,000 cells. ![]() Consequently, despite an enormous literature, the neuron still defies precise definition, particularly with regard to function. It is impossible in a single chapter to delineate comprehensively the extensive structural, topographical and functional variation achieved by this cell type. From a historical standpoint, no other cell type has attracted as much attention or caused as much controversy as the nerve cell. ![]()
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